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... that have trapped high-energy plasma in the Earth’s magnetic field, so forming the Van Allen radiation belts. Plasmas can also be treated as a collection of charged particles. This ... the early days of the space age the first US satellite (Explorer 1) discovered the Van Allen radiation belts around the Earth; Explorer 3 and 4 explored these in more detail ... Earth, 2nd Ed. Oliver and Boyd Ltd., Edinburgh. note 2 Van Allen, J. A. and L. A. Frank, 1959, Radiation around the Earth to a radial ...

... speed. Space missions that include travel within or through the Van Allen belts also add a third source of radiation. The Van Allen belts consist of protons and electrons trapped by the ... of numerous cells along the track. The ozone layer, the Earth’s magnetosphere and the Van Allen belts block most of the harmful cosmic and solar radiation. Without these key filters ...

... 's instruments detected sudden and large increases of energetic electrons in gap or slot between Van Allen radiation belts within a few hours after Soviet atmospheric nuclear tests Oct. 22 and ... decay process was repeated. Nov. 1 explosion by U.S.S.R. added electrons to Van Allen belts but not to gap, presumably because this test differed in size and altitude ...

... ­icle, 2/11/63)'' In addendum to speech delivered last Dec. 30, Dr. James A. Van Allen retracted his criticism of President's Scientific Advisory Committee concerning radiation effects of U.S. high-altitude nu­clear test in July. Dr. Van Allen said his criticism should have been directed toward joint NASA-AEC-DOD committee headed ...

... B ") in constellation Ophiu­chus was reported to astronomers at Tucson, Ariz., by Dr. Peter van de Kamp, Director of Swarthmore College's Sproul Observatory, Swarthmore, Pa. Six light years from ... -a-half times mass of planet Jupiter or nearly 500 times mass of earth. Dr. van de Kamp's measurements of amount of wobble it produced in motion of its sun ...

... and rate of decay of high-energy electrons, thus providing better under­standing of the Van Allen radiation belts. "While the nuclear explosion shortened the lives of some satellites and increased ... of radiation around the globe, it had a valuable side effect. "To students of the Van Allen belt, it was almost like having a controlled experiment in space . . . ." ''(AP, NYT, 8 ...

... the earth was surrounded by a zone of radia­tion, called the Van Allen Belt after its discoverer Dr. James Van Allen . "In addition to these first satellites of scientific significance, we ...

... scientists to determine that the very high intensity of electrons in inner region of the Van Allen belt had decayed slowly during the past year. Built with stronger shielding against radiation ... flight of Biosatellite, carrying known source and dosage of radiation below the area of the Van Allen belts. Asked about the previous data, Dr. Reynolds said: "There are experiments both by ...

New and more detailed information about Van Allen belts gleaned by HITCHHIKER I satellite was reported to COSPAR by Ludwig Katz, AFCRL ... five million electron volts (mev) indicated that for this energy region there were two distinct Van Allen belts. The count was significantly lower in the middle region between two belts. A ...

... a telephone interview. ''(Hofmann, NYT, 1/17/65, 10)'' Dr. Robert J. Van de Graaff, inventor of the Van de Graaff particle accelerator used in nuclear physics research and cancer therapy, died ...

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