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NASA announced that [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|LRO]] had successfully completed thermal-vacuum testing at NASA’s [[GSFC]]. The testing, which had lasted for approximately two months, simulated the airless conditions and extreme temperature variations that the orbiter would encounter in space. The test was the conclusion of a series of environmental tests of [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|LRO]]; previous tests had included acoustics testing, electromagnetic compatibility testing, spin testing, and vibration testing. [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|LRO]] would orbit the Moon for at least one year, using its seven instruments to collect data that scientists could use to choose safe lunar-landing sites, to determine locations for future lunar outposts, and to diminish the risk of radiation for astronauts. ''NASA, “Next NASA Moon Mission Completes Major Milestone,” news release 08-335, 22 December 2008, http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2008/dec/HQ_08-335_LRO_Thermal_Complete.html (accessed 22 August 2011).'' [[ISS]] crew members [[E. Michael Fincke]] and [[Yuri V. Lonchakov]] spent 6 hours on a spacewalk outside the [[ISS]]. They installed a device, known as a Langmuir probe, to monitor the electrical field around the [[ISS]]. Russian engineers believed that electrical interference might have damaged the explosive bolts on two Soyuz spacecraft, causing the craft to experience rough flight reentries in October 2007 and April 2008. Fincke and Lonchakov also installed a Russian experiment called Impuls, retrieved the Russian microbe experiment Biorisk, and took photographs of the Russian segment of the [[ISS]]. The spacewalkers attempted to install the European biological experiment EXPOSE-R, but the experiment would not activate to relay telemetry. Russian flight controllers eventually ordered Fincke and Lonchakov to remove the experiment and to return it to the [[ISS]]. The spacewalk was the first for Lonchakov and the fifth for Fincke. ''Mark Carreau, “Space Station Astronauts Finish 6-Hour Spacewalk,” Houston Chronicle, 23 December 2008; Tariq Malik, “Spacewalkers Add New Experiments to Space Station,” Space.com, 23 December 2008, http://www.space.com/6254-spacewalkers-add-experiments-space-station.html (accessed 26 August 2011).'' [[Dec 1 2008|1]] [[Dec 2 2008|2]] [[Dec 3 2008|3]] [[Dec 4 2008|4]] [[Dec 5 2008|5]] [[Dec 6 2008|6]] [[Dec 7 2008|7]] [[Dec 8 2008|8]] [[Dec 9 2008|9]] [[Dec 10 2008|10]] [[Dec 11 2008|11]] [[Dec 12 2008|12]] [[Dec 13 2008|13]] [[Dec 14 2008|14]] [[Dec 15 2008|15]] [[Dec 16 2008|16]] [[Dec 17 2008|17]] [[Dec 18 2008|18]] [[Dec 19 2008|19]] [[Dec 20 2008|20]] [[Dec 21 2008|21]] [[Dec 22 2008|22]] [[Dec 23 2008|23]] [[Dec 24 2008|24]] [[Dec 25 2008|25]] [[Dec 26 2008|26]] [[Dec 27 2008|27]] [[Dec 28 2008|28]] [[Dec 29 2008|29]] [[Dec 30 2008|30]] [[Dec 31 2008|31]] *[[2009]]

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