Contents of Spaceflight Magazine Volume 36

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VOL. 36 NO. 1 JANUARY 1994
OUR NEXT 50 YEARS IN SPACE What might be and what should be by R.P. Haviland. 2
THE SPACE STATION AND BEYOND Small and simple space stations are advocated by Mark Hempsell. 5
THE 44th IAF CONGRESS Report on the 1993 Congress of the International Astronautical Federation by Mark Hempsell. 8
MISSION CONTROL IN 2023 Advances in computer methods and future spacecraft control by D.E.B. Wilkins. 9
ASTRONOMICAL NOTEBOOK Hubble Space Telescope: its past, present and future work. 13
HUBBLE REPAIR MISSION: STS-61 Astronauts at work on this internationally-backed mission. 15
SPACELAB LIFE SCIENCES 2: STS-58 Roelof Schuiling reports from the Kennedy Space Center on the STS-58 mission. 18
SOCIETY NEWS Report of meeting: European Rocketry in the 1930s. 23
MAKS: AN UPDATE MAKS's development schedule and commercial prospects by Luc van der Abeelen. STILL FLYING AFTER ALL THESE YEARS NASA's drop aircraft is 40 years old: a commemorative review by Curtis Peebles. 24
SATELLITE DIGEST - 260 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. 26
Space at JPL Dr William L. McLaughlin writes from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. 27
Correspondence A selection of readers' letters. 31
'FIND THE SPACECRAFT' COMPETITION An opportunity to win one of four autographed copies of Arthur C. Clarke's biography. 33
SCHOOL FOR SPACE WINS BIS ENDORSEMENT The programme of the Brunel School for Space Education is reviewed by Jim Potter. 34
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. 35
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 36
VOL. 36 NO. 2 FEBRUARY 1994
Space Policy.
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION PROJECT A review of recent moves in setting up a major international project. 38
SPACE STATION CONGRESSIONAL HEARING Nicholas L. Johnson puts the issues of Russian participation to a Congressional hearing. 39
GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON SPACE The different views of space enthusiasts and politicians are analysed by Roger Handberg. Astronauts In Action. 44
PIERRE THUOT SPEAKS ABOUT ASTRONAUTS 'ON THE JOB' Ben Evans interviews a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions. 48
PRE-LAUNCH PREPARATIONS FOR STS-61 Endeavour is switched from Launch Pad 39A to 39B. A report by Roelof L. Schuiling. 50
DICK COVEY HAS PLENTY TO SMILE ABOUT ! Astronauts return home after successful Hubble refurbishment Mission. 51
I MEET THE SECOND MAN TO WALK ON THE MOON Buzz Aldrin talks about Apollo 11 at BIS 60th Anniversary Banquet. Tony Lawton reports. 53
EUROPEAN MANNED SPACE PROGRAMMES - CREW ARRANGEMENTS Europe's programme for manned spaceflight is described by D.J. Shapland and F. Rossitto. 54
JUNO KUDOS IGNITES A BRIGHT SPARK Helen Sharman OBE talks about her work to Darren L. Burnham. 57
SPACE CENTER HOUSTON The new visitor centre at the Johnson Space Center is described by Keith T. Wilson. 60
RESCUE AND RETURN OF ASTRONAUTS The Outer Space Treaty and The Astronauts Agreement are reviewed by Jeffrey S. Bronstein. Features. 62
PEGASUS LAUNCH VEHICLE Features of Orbital Sciences Corporation's new aircraft are revealed by Curtis Peebles. 45
SHUTTLE II An upgraded Shuttle offers the least expensive next generation launcher urges Don A. Nelson. News & Events. 68
SATELLITE DIGEST - 261 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. 46
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. 47
INTERNATIONAL Space Report Space news from around the World. Space Miscellany 70
CORRESPONDENCE A selection of readers' letters. 65
'CREW SCHEDULE' COMPETITION Books are the prizes for this month's competition winners. 67
VOL. 36 NO. 3 MARCH 1994
Space Partners.
RUSSIAN FLIES AS STS-60 CREWMEMBER The launch of Discovery on 3 February 1994 marks the start of a new era. 74
RUSSIAN ROLE IN AUSTRALIAN SPACEPORT PROPOSALS Moves to construct a Pacific spaceport in Papua, New Guinea are underway writes Isaac G. Boxx. SPACE DEBRIS COLLABORATIONS Understanding the problem of space debris is now an international concern. Nicholas L. Johnson sends details. 75
EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS FOR MIR Plans for the upcoming EUROMIR missions are reviewed by ESA staff members. 76
EXTERNAL SERVICING OF SPACE STATIONS Two.ESA projects that are proceeding with Russian cooperation are described. Cosmonautics. 77
ALMAZ: A DIAMOND OUT OF DARKNESS Neville Kidger has details of the Soviet military space station programme. 86
NEW FACTS ABOUT SOVIET SPACE STATIONS A recently published historical account is reviewed by Dr H. Pauw. 89
SOVIET LUNAR LANDING PROGRAMME Lunar lander hardware is presented in closeup by Luc van den Abeelen. 90
SOVIET ROCKET PROBLEMS Dr H. Pauw cites an engine explosion of 1965-66 and other problems from a recent publication. Features. 92
HUBBLE TROUBLE IS OVER First images from the repaired telescope exceed expectations. 82
SATELLITE TETHERS UNWIND AS SECONDARY PAYLOADS IN 1993 Recent NASA experiments have flown as low-cost secondary payloads writes Joel W. Powell. 97
LAST BUT NOT LEAST: TRIP TO PLUTO, Part 1 Pluto science objectives and spacecraft features are discussed by Robert L. Staehle et al. News & Events. 101
STS-61: MISSION REPORT A report by Roelof Schuiling of the Hubble Repair Mission. 78
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. 84
ASTRONAUT NEWS Including announcements of astronaut assignments. 96
SATELLITE DIGEST - 262 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. Space Miscellany. 100
Correspondence A selection of readers' letters. 93
'CRATERED BODIES' COMPETITION Books are the prizes for this month's competition winners. 105
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 106
THE ASTRONAUTS MEMORIAL A description of this notable feature at the Kennedy Space Center by Howard Michael Mason. 107
VOL. 36 NO. 4 APRIL 1994
Space Education.
EDUCATION IN SPACE APPLICATIONS The work of the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs is described by P. Lela. 112
INTERNATIONAL SPACE UNIVERSITY Hajime Yano and June Morland report on the 1993 Summer Session and its two Design Projects. 113
SPACE EDUCATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION The scope of the work of the IAF Education Committee by Fabiola de Oliviera. 117
Correspondence. 118
SAREX - SHUTTLE AMATEUR RADIO EXPERIMENT Frank Bell writes about amateur radio contacts with the space shuttle. 119
LAUNCHING ROCKETS IN AUSTRALIA Development of the Ausroc rocket series and ASRI objectives are detailed by Isaac Boxx. 120
A PIECE OF SPACE FLIGHT HISTORY Ian Broadbent takes a look at the Apollo 10 Command Module at the London Science Museum. 122
SATELLITE IMAGING AND REMOTE SENSING Activities at The Royal Grammar School, Guildford are described by Frank Bell. 124
'THE ORBITAL MECHANICS' John Hodges and Trevor Proston devise a set of space education projects for schools. Features. 126
THE FUTURE OF SPACE ACTIVITES Jack Leeming analyses the factors that will justify future space expenditures. 110
NORMA - A SPACE TRANSPORATION SYSTEM FOR THE NEXT CENTURY Russian proposals for a reusable launch vehicle. Luc van der Abeelen has the details. 135
LAST BUT NOT LEAST: TRIP TO PLUTO, Part 2 Trajectories to Pluto and Spacecraft Development are discussed by Robert L. Staehle et al. News & Events. 140
SATELLITE DIGEST - 263 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. 128
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. 129
STS-60: MISSION REPORT A report by Roelof Schuiling from the Kennedy Space Center. 131
ASTRONOMICAL NOTEBOOK Including Supernova 1987A, Space Probe Diary and Jupiter's July 1994 comet impact. 137
Space Miscellany.
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 136
'APOLLO QUOTES' COMPETITION Videos are the prizes for this month's competition winners. 138
SOCIETY NEWS From the British Interplanetary Society. 144
VOL. 36 NO. 5 MAY 1994
Space Station News.
SHUTTLE TO MIR Atlantis and Discovery are to dock with Mir in 1995-97. Anne van den Berg has the details. 146
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION Russia on the partnership and NASA reveals its plans for the new programme. 147
MIR MISSION REPORT Neville Cooper describes activities at Mir during the 14th main expedition. 152
RUSSIAN MANNED SPACE FLIGHTS, 1994-95 Anne van der Berg presents the latest schedule from Russian sources. Space Music. 156
SHOOTING RUBBER BANDS AT THE STARS Darren L. Burnham takes a look at the influence of the 'space age' on pop and rock music. 172
Correspondence. 176
Shooting Rubber Banda at the Stars- DISCOGRAPHY A listing of space music singles and album tracks compiled by Darren L Burnham. 'SPACE MUSIC' COMPETITION An opportunity to win an autographed copy of Arthur C. Clarke's biography. Features. 177
SPACE RADAR LABORATORY A next generation imaging radar and STS-59 payload is described by Michael A. Crowe. 160
DEEP INTO THAT DARKNESS PEERING, Part 1 Outer Solar System Bodies are discussed by Richard L. S. Taylor. News & Events. 167
INTERNATIONAL Space Report Space news from around the World. 157
SATELLITE DIGEST - 264 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. 158
BAIKONUR COSMODROME High level discussions try to resolve Russia's use of this facility in Kazakhstan. 159
FIRST TITAN IV/CENTAUR LAUNCH PUTS MILSTAR INTO ORBIT Roger G. Guillemette highlights Milstar's special features following its first launch. 162
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. Space Miscellany. 165
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 178
COMPUTER SOFTWARE 'Mars Explorer' from Virtual Reality Laboratories Inc. 180
VOL. 36 NO. 6 JUNE 1994
Space Education.
SPACE: FROM IMAGINATION TO REALITY WITH THE BIS Exhibits and lectures about space were part of the nationwide 'SET7' celebrations. 198
ROCKET PROPULSION: PART 1 Basic principles of conventional systems of rocket propulsion are explained. 201
EURO SPACE CENTER An account of this unique educational leisure centre, located in Belgium, by Theo Pirard. 204
SL9 IN VIRTUAL SPACE July's comet impact with Jupiter in 3-D photo-realistic computer graphics by Julian Baum. Feature. 206
Space at JPL Dr William L. McLaughlin writes from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. News & Events. 211
EUROPEAN RENDEZVOUS News items from the European space scene. 182
COSMONAUTICS UPDATE Latest reports about the Russian space programme. 184
INTERNATIONAL Space Report Space news from around the world. 185
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. 186
STS-62: MISSION REPORT A report by Roelof Schuiling from the Kennedy Space Center. 187
SATELLITE DIGEST - 265 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. 194
ASTRONOMICAL NOTEBOOK Including asteroid discoveries, a giant galaxy, dark matter and Space Probe Diary. Space Miscellany. 208
Correspondence A selection of readers' letters. 195
'FIND THE SPACE TRAVELLERS' COMPETITION Videos are the prizes for this month's competition winners. 196
SOCIETY NEWS From the British Interplanetary Society. 215
VOL. 36 NO. 7 JULY 1994
To mark the 25th anniversary of the first manned lunar landing, Spaceflight presents: TO THE MOON.
KENNEDY, APOLLO AND THE COLUMBUS FACTOR Events that shaped space policy in the Apollo era are analysed by Lawrence Suid. 226
NEIL ARMSTRONG: HIS NASA CAREER IN PICTURES Ed Hengeveld presents a pictorial commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the first manned lunar landing. 232
INTERNATIONAL SPACE ENTERPRISES Plans for a series of privately financed robotic missions to the Moon by Michael Simon. 237
CLEMENTINE MAPS THE MOON New results emerge about the surface of the Moon as lunar data analysis gets underway. Single-Stage Technology. 240
SINGLE-STAGE ROCKET VTOL DC-X flight tests and related implications for sub-orbital and orbital transportation. 218
OPENING UP THE SPACE FRONTIER FOR HUMANITY Kistler Aerospace Corporation has plans for reusable, single-stage-to-orbit rocketships. Features. 219
DEEP INTO THAT DARKNESS PEERING, Part 2 The origin of the outer Solar System is discussed by Richard L.S. Taylor. 241
MEETING COSMONAUT GEORGI GRECHKO George Spiteri and Tony Bird put questions to a veteran cosmonaut. News & Events. 245
ASTRONOMICAL NOTEBOOK Including Jupiter comet impact and Hubble observations. 220
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. 222
INTERNATIONAL Space Report Space news from around the world. 224
SATELLITE DIGEST - 266 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. Space Miscellany. 250
Correspondence A selection of readers' letters. 246
'APOLLO MISSIONS' COMPETITION Books are the prizes for this month's competition winners. 249
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 251
VOL. 36 NO. 8 AUGUST 1994
Space Education.
SPACEWALK IN NOORDWIJK A look at the largest permanent space exhibition in Europe. 269
ROCKET PROPULSION, Part 2 Three systems of rocket propulsion involving advanced technology are explained. Soviet Policy & Technology. 272
LEONOV'S WAY TO SPACE The airlock that enabled the Soviets to carry out the first EVA by Dietrich Haeseler. 280
SOVIET ORBITAL SPACE STATION-1 DESIGNED IN 1965 Early work on space station design in the USSR is investigated by Charles P. Vick. 282
SOVIET SPACE PROGRAMME, Part 1 Organisational structure in the 1940s -1950s is reviewed by Asif A. Siddiqi. Features. 283
MOON ADDED TO EURO SPACE AGENDA ESA's initiative for a 21st century Moon programme. 254
INTERNATIONAL LUNAR WORKSHOP Bob Parkinson reports on discussions about a return to the Moon. 255
IN-SPACE LIDAR A Shuttle payload due to fly for the first time in September is described by Ben Evans. 262
GOES-8 Roger G. Guillemette emphasises the importance of this launch for US weather-forecasting. News & Events. 263
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations, including Oersted, Denmark's first satellite, by J.K. Andersen. 257
INTERNATIONAL Space Report Space news from around the world. 260
STS-59: MISSION REPORT A report by Roelof Schuiling from the Kennedy Space Center. 275
SATELLITE DIGEST - 267 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. Space Miscellany. 279
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 266
'SPACE LAUNCHERS' COMPETITION Books are the prizes for this month's competition winners. 268
SOCIETY NEWS From the British Interplanetary Society. 287
VOL. 36 NO. 9 SEPTEMBER 1994
UK Space Policy.
FUTURE AS A SPACE NATION UNDER THREAT Clive Simpson reports on implications of proposals to cut the UK space budget. 290
UK's EUROPEAN SPACE ROLE House of Commons' debate calls for review of UK space policy. Soviet Policy and Technology. 291
SOVIET SPACE PROGRAMME, Part 2 Organisational structure in the 1960s is reviewed by Asif A. Siddiqi. 317
ENERGOMASH REVEALS 'F-1' CLASS ROCKET ENGINE Charles P. Vick has details of an early high-thrust single-chamber rocket engine. Astronaut News. 321
ESA ASTRONAUTS FOR MIR Preparing for the EUROMIR flights of October 1994 and August 1995. 305
SCIENTISTS CHOSEN AS USML-2 PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS NASA announce assignments for this longest Shuttle mission writes Rolf H. Schoevaart. Features. 308
IN REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Ian Moule talks with veteran astronauts Alan Shepard and Joe Allen. 301
IN PRAISE OF ISU By Jason P. Hatton who attended the 1993 International Space University. 304
MEETING ESA ASTRONAUT CLAUDE NICOLLIER Mark Hempsell hears at first hand about the Hubble servicing mission STS-61. 308
FASTER, CHEAPER CLEMENTINE The background, technology and implications of the Clementine mission by Darren L. Burnham. 309
SECOND ASTRO-SPAS MISSION Ben Evans describes a 'Mission to Planet Earth' payload for Shuttle launch in October 1994. News & Events. 316
INTERNATIONAL Space Report Space news from around the world. 294
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. 295
ASTRONOMICAL NOTEBOOK Preliminary results of the impacts of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 into Jupiter. COSPAR '94 Meeting: Plans for the exploration of Mars by spacecraft from 1996 to 2003. 314
SATELLITE DIGEST - 268 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. Space Miscellany. 322
SOCIETY NEWS A joint celebration of the 25th anniversary of the first lunar landing. British engineers and scientists in the Apollo Project. 298
Correspondence A selection of readers' letters. 303
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 323
'ULYSSES SPACECRAFT' COMPETITION. 324
VOL. 36 NO. 10 OCTOBER 1994
Russia's Commercial Potential.
ZENIT AT BAIKONUR John Rossie and Jeff Forrest reveal the advanced nature of Zenit automated launch operations. 326
COSMODROME VISIT US Secretary of Defense and other US officials tour Baikonur reports Charles P. Vick. 327
AEROSPACE PRIVATISATION IN RUSSIA Marko Milivojevic sees relatively good prospects for Russia's space industries. Apollo Look-Back. 328
OTHER FACTORS BEHIND 'GO TO THE MOON' Everything was in place for 'Go to the Moon' before 14 April 1961 writes E.T. Pugh. 345
KENNEDY AND THE MOON GOAL: A REASSESSMENT David Baker writes on events leading to the Moon decision and those who merit the real credit. 347
APOLLO PROGRAM: VIEWED 25 YEARS ON Unique features of the Apollo program and its enduring legacies by Robert F. Freitag. 350
FORGOTTEN NAMES E.T. Pugh adds two names to the list of those who contributed to the success of Apollo 11. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION FACTOR A factor behind the Apollo commitment is put forward by Ray Ward. Features. 352
ORIGINAL ALMAZ SPACE STATION Dietrich Haeseler describes the manned military design of Almaz as exhibited in models. 342
VANDENBERG: SPACE SHUTTLE LAUNCH AND LANDING SITE - Part 1 Roger G. Guillemette describes the construction of Shuttle facilities in the mid-1960's. News & Events. 354
INTERNATIONAL Space Report Space news from around the world. 332
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations including: SWORDS INTO PLOUGHSHARES Theo Pirard reports on a visit to E'Prime Aerospace Corporation. 333
STS-65 MISSION REPORT A report by Roelof Schuiling from the Kennedy Space Center. 338
SATELLITE DIGEST - 269 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. Space Miscellany. 360
'SHUTTLE DIMENSIONS' COMPETITION Compact discs are prizes for this month's competition. 336
Correspondence A selection of readers' letters. 352
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 358
SOCIETY NEWS From the British Interplanetary Society. 359
VOL. 36 NO. 11 NOVEMBER 1994
Space International.
SPACE AT FARNBOROUGH 1994 Clive Simpson reports on the opening of the Space Pavilion by the UK space minister. 362
UK SPACE ACTIVITIES 1993-1994 UK's level space programme faces the challenges of an evolving space sector. 364
WORLD SPACE MARKETS SURVEY A review of the ten-year outlook. Features. 365
NEW REVELATIONS ABOUT THE AMERICAN SATELLITE PROGRAMME BEFORE SPUTNIK Dwayne A. Day writes about policy decisions affecting the launch of America's first satellite. 372
NOTS AIR-LAUNCHED SATELLITES Attempts to air-launch satellites in 1958 are revealed by Joel W. Powell. 374
CHARTING A FUTURE FOR AIR LAUNCH TO ORBIT Development trends beyond the present Pegasus vehicle are reviewed by Jaroslav Franta. 376
VANDENBERG: SPACE SHUTTLE LAUNCH AND LANDING SITE - Part 2 Roger G. Guillemette describes how these facilities came to be abandoned in place. 378
SOLAR SAILS AND KITES - Part 1 Colin Jack proposes the kite concept to overcome the limitations and problems of solar sails. 382
SOVIET CIRCUMLUNAR PROGRAMME HARDWARE REVEALED New information has come to light and is described by Peter Pesavento. News & Events. 390
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations including: TAKING A CLOSE LOOK AT STS-64 A photo report of STS-64 on the launch pad by Pete Gualtieri. 369
ASTRONOMICAL NOTEBOOK Detailed Galileo images of Ida and its moon have now been processed by JPL. 385
ARTHUR C. CLARKE - THIS IS YOUR LIFE Mat Irvine writes about a busy week for Arthur C. Clarke in London at the end of August. 386
MIR MISSION REPORT Neville Kidger describes activities at Mir between January and July 1994. 387
SATELLITE DIGEST - 270 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. Space Miscellany. 396
'PLANETARY PROBES' COMPETITION Videos are prizes for this month's competition. 384
Correspondence A selection of readers' letters. 391
VOL. 36 NO. 12 DECEMBER 1994
STS-64 Mission Report.
DISCOVERY LAUNCHES WITH THE LITE STUFF Behind the scenes at KSC with the Payload Team is described by Payload Manager Roelof Schuiling. 406
LASER ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, ROBOTIC OPERATIONS, UNTETHERED SPACEWALK Roelof Schuiling writes about in-orbit mission highlights day-by-day. Features. 410
STRATEGY FOR A FUTURE LAUNCH SYSTEM Reusable European launcher requirements and associated issues are analysed by Bob Parkinson. 400
Space at JPL Dr William L. McLaughlin writes from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. News & Events. 422
INTERNATIONAL Space Report Theo Pirard from the 45th IAF Congress looks at the future of international astronautics. 398
LAUNCH REPORT News of recent launches and forthcoming launch preparations. 404
ASTRONOMICAL NOTEBOOK Spacecraft observe Jupiter impacts; Telescopes for the 21st Century; Ulysses at the Sun. 414
ISU '94 Jorge Munnshe reports on the 1994 Summer Session of the International Space University. 419
SATELLITE DIGEST - 271 This month's listing of recent spacecraft launchings. Space Miscellany. 432
'WEATHER SATELLITES' COMPETITION Books are prizes for this month's competition. 405
Correspondence A selection of readers' letters. 427
SOCIETY NEWS From the British Interplanetary Society. 428
Book Notices of books likely to be of interest to readers are described. 430
INDEX Author, Subject and Book Notice Indices for 1994 issues. iv