STS-9

**STS-9**
Organization	NASA-Office of Space Science Applications (UnitedStates),NASA-Office of Space Flight (United States),European Space Agency (International)
Mission type	Astronomy,Human Crew,Life Science,Microgravity,Solar Physics,Space Physics
Launch date	November 28, 1983
Launch vehicle	Space Shuttle
Launch site	Cape Canaveral, United States
COSPAR ID	1983-116A
Inclination	57 degrees
Experiments	Here
Alternate Names	Spacelab 1/STS 9,14523
Additional Information	Here
Data Collection	Here
Payload Mass Up	14500 kg
Payload Mass Down	kg
Orbiter	Columbia
Lift Off Mass	2,046,982.27 kg
Orbiter Weight at Liftoff	112,554.09 kg
Orbiter Weight at Landing	100,012.27 kg
Landed	Runway 17 dry lake bed at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.
Orbits of Earth	166
Orbital Altitude	135 nautical miles (155 statute miles)

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[edit] Crew

Commander: John Young
Pilot: Brewster Shaw
- Mission Specialist 1: Robert Parker
- Mission Specialist 2: Owen Garriott
- Payload Specialist 1: Ulf Merbold
- Payload Specialist 2: Byron Lichtenberg

[edit] Mission

The first Spacelab mission was a joint NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) mission. Spacelab 1 consisted of a pressurized compartment (module) for housing equipment and flight personnel and a space-exposed platform to accommodate instruments. The compartment and platform were flown into space and returned inside the payload compartment of the Space Shuttle. The mission lasted 10 days, and while in space, the Shuttle payload compartment doors were opened to allow viewing of the earth, sun, and deep space. Spacelab 1 was a multidiscipline mission comprising five broad areas of investigation: Atmospheric Physics and Earth Observations, Space Plasma Physics, Astronomy and Solar Physics, Material Sciences and Technology, and Life Sciences. The Atmospheric Physics investigations conducted studies of the earth's environment through surveys of temperature, composition, and motion of the atmosphere. The Earth Observations investigations used and evaluated the capability of advanced measuring systems for making topographic and thematic maps from high-resolution photographs and from remote-sensing data. Investigations in the Space Plasma Physics group studied the charged particle or plasma environment of the earth. The Astronomy investigations studied astronomical sources of radiation in the ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths. The Solar Physics investigations measured the total energy output of the sun using three different methods with the instruments cross calibrated so that meaningful comparisons could be made. The Material Sciences and Technology investigations took advantage of the microgravity conditions to perform studies in such areas as crystal growth, metallurgy, tribology, fluid physics, and ceramics technology. The Life Sciences investigations were concerned with the effects of the space environment (zero gravity and high-energy radiation) on human physiology and on the growth, development, and organization of biological systems. The mission was considered very successful.

[edit] Payload

Habitable Spacelab-1 and pallet carried 71 experiments. The six-man crew was divided into two 12-hour-day red and blue teams to operate experiments. First high-inclination orbit of 57 degrees

Mission patch: