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... Image:Molniya1.jpg 200px Molniya 1 satellite Image:Molniyasatellite.jpg 300px Molniya satellite Image:Molniyamockup.jpg 300px The prototype of the Molniya communication satellite in the RSCE museum. Image:Molniyaorbit.jpg 300px A twenty-four hour, long-range communication system was developed using the Molniya Image:Molniyasat.jpg 600px Molniya satellite was the first Soviet communication satellite. It was put into a high ...

... 1945 paper in Wireless World. Less well-known is where the credit for discovering the Molniya orbit should lie. This paper presents the evidence uncovered to date concerning the original concept ...

... Forces launched a Molniya 3-53 military communications satellite aboard a four-stage Molniya-M rocket from Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Arkhangelsk region of Russia. Molniya 3-53 was the second Molniya communications satellite ... Payload from Plesetsk, Makes Plans for Commercial South American Shots,” 20 June 2003; Stephen Clark, “Molniya Satellite Deployed from Plesetsk Spaceport,” Spaceflight Now, 20 June 2003. NASA released topographic data collected ...

... : "Tests have demonstrated that the combinations of the terrestrial and onboard communication equipment of the ' Molniya I' satellite assure the possibility of the reliable transmission of black and white TV, Color ... into operation the commercial long-distance phone link between Moscow and Vladivostok, functioning via the ` Molniya I' " ''(Tass, Krasnaya Zvezda, 7/4/65, 4, ATSS-T Trans,)'' Robert F. Thompson, named ...

U.S.S:R. successfully launched Molniya 1-5 comsat into orbit to relay television signals from the Soviet Far East to ... ); period, 11 hr 55 min; and inclination, 64.8°. Tass said primary goal of the Molniya I series of comsats was "further checking and experimental exploration of a system of long-distance two-way television, telephone, and radio communications." Molniya 1- 5 comsat was believed to be replacement for Molniya 1-2 comsat which had reentered prematurely March 17. ''(UPI, NYT ...

... cooperative Soviet-French Oreol, 2 manned Soyuz , 1 Salyut, 4 Mars probes, and 4 Molniya I and 4 Molniya II comsats. The Luna 21 probe landed the Lunokhod 2 self-propelled vehicle ... biology and medicine, exchanging information on manned space flight. Parallel communications channels using Intelsat and Molniya comsat systems were planned for 1974 to support the U.S.-U.S.S.R ...

... /211'65)'' Soviet press published first technical details and a sketch of the communications satellite MOLNIYA launched April 23. The satellite, which was visible nine hours a day from Soviet ground ... programs, including color, between Moscow and Vladivostok. According to the drawing and the text description, MOLNIYA I had an airtight cylindrical body with conical ends, one of which contained a rocket ...

... .) ; period, 11 hrs, 59 min.; inclination, 65°, Tass said: "With the launching of the second MOLNIYA I satellite, verification will begin of the possibility of organizing a communications system with the ... -telegraph radio communication, and its experimental operation. The entire equipment ... is functioning normally. "The second MOLNIYA -I has already been used for telephone calls and an exchange of television programs between ...

... watts power operating continuously is an innovation in world technology. This distinguishing feature of the MOLNIYA I Comsat permits a considerable simplification of the onground equipment and a great reduction in ... space communication in Moscow and Vladivostok have been operating daily since the launching of the MOLNIYA I . This is quite important for a satellite communication system, since upon the operating cost ...

... . V. Klokov, commenting for Izvestia on orbiting of the second MOLNIYA I comsat, said: "The orbiting of the second Soviet Comsat ` MOLNIYA I ' will permit us to verify the feasibility of organizing ... and telecommunications is superior to that found in the experiments with the first Soviet Comsat, MOLNIYA I ." ''(Izvestia, 10/16/65, 3; ATSS-T Trans,)'' Aerospace and defense planning concepts could ...

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